Rufus Williams filed the present petition for writ of habeas corpus after being convicted of murder and receiving a life sentence. The petition contends that evidence of oral confessions was admitted without a showing of voluntariness, that the trial court erred in failing to charge on manslaughter, and in charging on the presumption of malice. Held:

2. Under the decision in Burton v. State, 223 Ga. 393 (3) (156 SE2d 74), and cases there cited, the alleged refusal to charge on various grades of manslaughter shows no ground for reversal of the judgment denying the petition for writ of habeas corpus. Here, as in that case, no particular degree of manslaughter was allegedly presented by the evidence.

3. The remaining contention of the prisoner is that the trial court shifted the burden of disproving malice once the State had proved the defendant killed the deceased. The charge complained of was as follows: "I further charge you that where the killing is proved to be the act of the defendant, the presumption of innocence with which he enters upon the trial is removed from him and the burden then is upon him to justify or mitigate the homicide." This charge is erroneous where any of the State's evidence shows mitigating circumstances, justification or alleviation. See Crawford v. State, 12 Ga. 142; Green v. State, 124 Ga. 343 (4) (52 SE 431); Green v. State, 124 Ga. 760, 764 (53 SE 324, 4 LRA (NS) 934). As was held in Crawford v. State, supra: "If the defense is made out by the witnesses on the part of the prosecution, then the defendant need not call any; but if not, then the defendant must call witnesses, and make out his defense by proof." This principle has been consistently followed and applied by this court. See Smith v. State, 203 Ga. 317, 324 (46 SE2d 583); Ayers v. State, 214 Ga. 156, 160 (103 SE2d 574), and citations.

Where, however, as in the present case, the State's evidence showed nothing to mitigate or justify the killing, the charge was not harmful error.

Albert M. Horn, for appellant.