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Lawskills.com Georgia Caselaw
CITIZENS & SOUTHERN NATIONAL BANK v. JOHNSON.
20053.
ALMAND, Justice.
The Court of Appeals erred in its holding that the notes sued upon were non-negotiable and that the plea and answer of the defendant set forth an issuable defense.
The facts alleged in the petition and answer are fully set out in the opinion of the Court of Appeals and need not be here stated. Upon a careful review we are of the opinion that the Court of Appeals erred in holding that the notes sued on were non-negotiable and that the answer set out an issuable defense. The instruments meet all the requirements of Code 14-201 to make them negotiable and were not rendered non-negotiable by containing "an order or promise to do any act in addition to the payment of money." (Code 14-205.) The fact that the notes are captioned with the words "Conditional Acceptance Premium Note" does not alone determine the character of the notes. In determining their legal import courts are not bound by the name given them but must look to the language in the body of the notes. Motor Contract Co. v. C. & S. National Bank, 66 Ga. App. 78 (17 S. E. 2d 195). The fact that the notes, after reciting a promise to pay a stated sum on a given date, further provided that the maker tenders them in settlement of premiums covering certain insurance policies and "that if any of these notes are not paid when due that Morgan & Morgan Insurance Agency reserves the right to declare all unpaid notes due and immediately cancel all policies in connection with which these notes are given in settlement of premiums. It is further agreed that all unearned premiums by reason of any such cancellation shall be the property of Morgan & Morgan Insurance Agency," and on the back of the notes appears the name of an insurance company and a policy number, does not make the promise to pay conditional nor do they contain any order or premise on the part of the maker to do any act in addition to the payment of money. See Union Ins. Co. v. Greenleaf, 64 Me. 123; Odom v. Pinkston (Tex. Civ. App.) 193 S. W. 2d 888; and Pyron & Son v. Rouhs, 120 Ga. 1060 (6) (48 S. E. 434). See also Edwards & Deutsch Lithographing Co. v. Vidalia Grocery Co., 144 Ga. 514 (87 S. E. 675, L.R.A. 1916D 624), and State Banking Co. v. Morgan, 30 Ga. App. 430 (118 S. E. 415).
2. It is contended that, even though the notes were negotiable, the plaintiff knew that they were given in payment of insurance premiums to the agent of the insurer, and the proceeds of the notes belonged to it, and though the bank knew in taking premium notes from the agent, it was normal practice for the bank before advancing any funds to the agent to give to the insurer notice and obtain confirmation, and if such inquiry had been made, it would have been revealed that the agent had no actual authority to take or discount the notes and that the agent was insolvent. Therefore, he asserts, the bank did have such knowledge of the infirmities of the notes as to amount to bad faith under Code 14-506. That the plaintiff had knowledge of the consideration of the notes did not carry with it any notice of the failure of consideration, nor was it bound to make inquiry as to whether the consideration had or would fail. Florence v. Commercial Bank of Athens, 34 Ga. App 329 (1) (129 S. E. 560), and Hengstler v. Huguley-Scott Auto Co., 39 Ga. App. 287 (146 S. E. 645). A mere failure to inquire of the insurer as to the authority of the agent to take the notes of the insured in payment of insurance premiums would not constitute bad faith under the Negotiable Instruments Act as contained in Code 14-502 (4). Something more than mere mistake of judgment is necessary to constitute bad faith. To constitute bad faith by a purchaser of a negotiable instrument before maturity he must have acquired it with actual knowledge of its infirmity or with a belief based on the facts or circumstances as known to him that there was a defense or he must have acted dishonestly. Benton v. Sikyta, 84 Neb. 808 (122 N. W. 61, 24 L.R.A. (NS) 1057) and Gerseta Corp. v. Wessex-Campbell Silk Co., 3 Fed. 2d 236. See Britton, "Bills and Notes," p. 407, 100.
The allegations in the plea and answer of the defendant are insufficient as against the plaintiff, a holder of the notes in due course, to support the ruling of the Court of Appeals, that the payee of the notes was acting as the agent of the insurer and the insured, and the act of the agent in accepting the notes as payment of the premiums without the consent of the insurer was fraudulent and against public policy.
The Court of Appeals erred in its holding that the plea and answer set forth a defense to the action on the notes.
Smith, Field, Doremus & Ringel, for parties at interest not parties to record.
C. Baxter Jones, Frank C. Jones, Jones, Sparks, Benton & Cork, contra.
William C. Turpin, Maurice C. Thomas, for plaintiff in error.
ARGUED MAY 12, 1958 -- DECIDED JUNE 5, 1958.
Thursday August 28 22:35 CDT


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