Timothy Sambor appeals the grant of summary judgment to John Kelley, D.O., in this medical malpractice case. Sambor contends that the trial court unconstitutionally modified OCGA 9-11-9.1 in requiring that the expert affidavit be signed in the physical presence of the notary. Because it is well-established that affidavits must be sworn before a notary and the facts demonstrate that the expert affidavit submitted with Sambor's complaint was not executed before a notary, we affirm.

Sambor filed a medical malpractice action against Kelley arising out of surgery Kelley performed on Sambor's knee. Sambor attached to his complaint the expert affidavit of Frank Borgiorno, M.D. Borgiorno signed the affidavit in Michigan, and a notary attested it in Georgia after administering the oath during a telephone conversation. The trial court granted Kelley's motion for summary judgment on the basis that the affidavit was not signed in the presence of the notary. The trial court relied upon Schmidt v. Feldman, 1 in which the Court of Appeals of Georgia relied upon this Court's 1912 case of Carnes v. Carnes, 2 to hold that the administering of an oath via telephone will not create a valid affidavit.

1. Sambor contends that the requirement that the notary and the affiant be present together for the giving of the oath is a violation of due process because there was no reasonable notice of this formality. Sambor argues that the only notice of the requirement is found in Carnes and that Carnes is not referenced in the citations to OCGA 45-17-8, which defines the powers and duties of notaries. However, the failure to be aware of applicable case law affecting one's duties and obligations does not create a constitutional violation. 3 Furthermore, Carnes has been cited in modern appellate court opinions decided before Sambor filed his complaint and, therefore, cannot be considered obscure. 4 Finally, the definition of an affidavit incorporates this requirement by providing that an affidavit is a statement under oath "taken before a person having authority to administer such oath." 5

2. Sambor also argues that the rule in Carnes is outdated and does not reflect modern law practice. The administration of an oath and the proper attestation of documents is not irrelevant, however, simply because the means of communication have changed greatly since the first part of this century. The law continues to recognize the important function notaries perform in acknowledging, attesting, and verifying a wide variety of documents. 6 The notary's statement attesting the genuineness of signatures and documents aids in the prevention of fraud and deceit. 7 Therefore, we reaffirm our prior holding that notarization occurs only when the affiant or person acknowledging execution personally appears before the notary.

3. Because the record is undisputed that Borgiorno did not execute the affidavit in the presence of the notary, the trial court correctly granted Kelley's motion for summary judgment.

Hall, Booth, Smith & Slover, Jack G. Slover, Jr., Jonathan Marigliano, for appellee.