This chapter shall not apply to the following:

(1) An ambulance or ambulance service operated by an agency of the United States government;

(2) A vehicle that is operated by a person who is not licensed to furnish ambulance service which is rendering assistance temporarily in the case of a major catastrophe or emergency because the licensed ambulance services of the state are insufficient or unable to meet the demands thereof;

(3) An ambulance which is operated from a location outside of the state in order to transport patients from without the state's limits to locations within the state; or

(4) An invalid car or the operator thereof, except as provided in subsection (b) of Code Section 31-11-30.