Every claim for loss of or damage to property, or for overcharge for freight, for which any common carrier of household goods may be liable shall be adjusted and paid by such common carrier within 90 days after such claim, duly verified by the claimant or his or her agent, has been filed with the agent of the initial carrier or with the agent of the carrier upon whose line the loss, damage, or overcharge actually occurred. If such claim is not adjusted and paid within the time prescribed in this Code section, the carrier shall be liable for interest thereon at the legal rate from the date of the filing of the claim until the payment thereof, and shall also be liable for a civil penalty of $50.00 for every such failure to adjust and pay said claim, to be recovered by the party damaged, provided that unless such claimant in such action recovers the full amount claimed, no penalty shall be recovered, but the recovery shall be limited to the actual loss or damage or overcharge, with interest thereon from the date of filing said claim.